The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.